Essay about Isolation of Components of Bc Powder - 1655 Words

! Isolation of the Components of BC Powder Introduction Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the†¦show more content†¦After each of the solids were completely dry, each was placed into a MelTemp device. The temperature at which each solid began to melt and completed melting was recorded. From the vial labeled â€Å"AE,† aspirin (0.533 g) was placed into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a boiling stick. Toluene (20 mL) was brought to a boil on a hot plate. The boiling toluene (10 mL) was then added to the aspirin until the solid dissolved completely. After allowing the solution to reach room temperature, the solution was placed in an ice bath for 16 minutes. After the crystals had formed, they were collected by vacuum filtration and weighed. A small amount of the crystals were no weighed due to a lack of toluene with which to rinse the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask of the last of the crystals. Results: Percent Recovery of Components Compound Aspirin Caffeine Salicylamide Actual Mass (g) 0.671 0.052 0.283 Expected Mass (g) 1.300 0.0666 0.390 Percent Yeild (%) 52% 78% 73% Melting Point Data Table Compound Aspirin Caffeine Salicylamide Actual MP ( ºC) 93 - 98 260 - 262 96 - 102 Expected MP ( ºC) 135 236 140 Percent Error (%) ~30% ~12% ~30% Aspirin Recrysalization Data Table Actual Mass (g) 0.41 Actual MP ( ºC) 123-125 Expected Mass (g) 0.533 Expected MP ( ºC) 135 Percent Recovery 77% Percent Error 8% TLC Analysis Data Table Compound Std. Aspirin Std. Caffeine Rf values 0.38 0.65 Error ---~ 0% 29% 5% Std. Salicylamide 0.73 Organic Acidic Basic 0.69 0.46 0.38Show MoreRelatedBrief Historical Development and Contributions of Chemistry for Modern Civilization4507 Words   |  19 Pagesastronomical, mathematical, and cosmological ideas, which they used in attempts to explain some of the changes that are now considered chemical. 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This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice PresidentRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmanifested by managers of the most profitable companies. âž ¡ Kohli and Jaworski (1990), who conducted a series of semi-structed interviews with marketing practitioners in the USA and discovered a high degree of managerial understanding of the three key component parts of the marketing concept (customer orientation, coordination and profitability), and that the perceived benefits of the marketing philosoph y included better overall performance, benefits for employees and more positive customer attitudes. âž ¡

The Rwanda Genocide Essay - 1113 Words

The world’s history has been tainted by many instances of violence targeted at specific groups of people due to either their ethnicity or beliefs. This paper will discuss the characteristics of the Rwanda Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust. The Rwanda Genocide targeted the Tutsis because of their ethnicity, while the Holocaust targeted the Jews because of their ethnicity and religion. To really understand the Rwandan Genocide and the Final Solution, one must understand the background of the two exterminated peoples. The Tutsis are an ethnic group that resides in the African Great Lakes region. During the Europeans settlements in Rwanda, the colonists need an identifier to separate the population of Rwanda. Belgium settlers defined â€Å"Tutsi†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦(Hitler’s Book â€Å"Mein Kampf†) The Nazis claimed that the Jewish people and religion was the source of their downfall, and the genocide of the Jewish people was their only option. Propaganda for the Rwanda Genocide began when the RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) invaded Rwanda in 1990. Thus, the Hutu Power Movement began. A group of government officers and officials began a magazine called â€Å"Kangura†, which spread anti-Tutsi propaganda. The Hutu Ten Commandments, which were published in the Kangura, was an example of racist guidelines for the Hutus if they ever came into contact with a Tutsi. By 1990, the Rwandan army began arming its civilians with swords and clubs under the pretense of self defense. These weapons became the main tools used in the genocide. After the ceasefire between the Rwanda government and the RPF in 1992, Hutu extremists in the Rwandan government and the army began to plot against the President in fear of allowing the Tutsis to participate in governmental issues. The extremists began a new radios station named â€Å"Radio Tà ©là ©vision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLMC), which broadcasted racist propaganda against Tutsis. Hutu extremist leaders also staged or reported false events to convince the Hutu population that the Tutsis were accomplices of the RPF. (Propaganda and Practice) The Holocaust, on the other hand, utilized many more ways of propaganda.Show MoreRelatedRwanda Genocide892 Words   |  4 Pages November 12, 2013 MAHG 5028 Religion and Genocide: Rittner Conversation Starter #12 Rwandan Genocide The Angels Have Left Us by Hugh McCullum, discusses the African tragedy that took place in Rwanda, which resulted in the murder of over one million victims. The Rwanda genocide was between two groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. Hutu were considered to be the natives and indigenous to the land, where Tutsi were considered to be the non-native settlers who were non indigenous. ThroughRead MoreThe Genocide Of Rwanda Genocide2044 Words   |  9 Pages It is estimated and recorded that, the 1994 Rwanda genocide, resulted to over 800,000 to a million deaths of the Tutsis that where brutally eliminated and murdered. This figure includes men, women and children who constitute three-quarter of the entire Tutsi population and 20% of Rwanda population at large. Rwanda Genocide generated a lot of criticism especially the role of France, the lip service attitude that resulted to the late intervention of the international community after the endRead MoreThe Genocide in Rwanda 1001 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Kagame, the President of Rwanda, once quoted that, â€Å"When we are unified, working together, no challenge is insurmountable† (Arnlaugsdottir). His quote holds meaning and truth as within the past twenty years, Rwanda has worked miraculously to rebuild and reunite the country that was left disheveled by social conflict and genocide. There are many factors that have contributed to the reconstruction of Rwanda, including international assistance, gacaca courts and International Criminal TribunalRead MoreThe Rwanda Genocide808 Words   |  3 PagesApril 7, 1994 marked the beginning of one hundred days of massacre that left over 800,000 thousand dead and Rwanda divided by a scare that to this day they are trying to heal. The source of this internal struggle can be traced back to the segregation and favoritism established by Belgium when they received Rwanda after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1918. At the time the Rwandan population was 14% Tuts i, 1%Twa, and 85% Hutus; the Belgian’s showed preferential treatment to the Tutsi, whoRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwanda Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pages In 1994, Rwanda was a situation of hatred and revenge tailored by European influence that mixed together to form the recipe for Genocide. Classical control of third world nations and exploitation by the west is nothing new. In Africa, the direction of the government is often manipulated by countries that have had historical control over them. The Genocide of Rwanda was a transfer of position that placed the Hutu people in a seat of power over the former rulers, which were the Tutsis elite. ThisRead MoreThe Genocide Of Rwanda s Genocide1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Genocide in Rwanda INTRODUCTION Genocides happen when ethnic divisions become apparent. Many times, these ethnic divisions were due to colonization from people of different race. These cases are especially true in Africa when Europeans colonized their territory, with clear racial divisions between them (Gavin). These genocides go on because of nations acting on ignorance and refusing to help out the nations in turmoil, allowing the genocides to continue, without wasting their own resources.Read MoreThe Holocaust And The Rwanda Genocide1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe mind of a survivor of genocide can be various, violent, confused, or blank, it can scar the mind indefinitely or not. Not only are the conductors of the kill-spree are scary, but even the victims can be just as terrifying. Two examples of genocide are the Holocaust and the Rwanda Genocide, both of which gives off long ranges of psychological effects on the mind of those who survive. Survivors struggle through the tragic events with the hope they would so on find and be with their loved ones. SoRead MoreChristianity and Genocide in Rwanda800 Words   |  4 Pages Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda by Timothy Longman discusses the roles of the churches in Rwanda and how their influence might have been able to alter the outcome of the genocide. He discusses the rise of Juvenal Habyarimana in politics with his Catholic background, church and state relations, and obedience to political authority. His slogan â€Å"Peace, Unity, and Development† were his political plans for Rwanda. On April 6, 1994, president Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane was shot down marking the beginningRead MoreHistory Of Rwanda And The Genocide1579 Words   |  7 PagesHISTORY OF RWANDA AND THE GENOCIDE It is believed that the Hutu and the Tutsi were originally one community who shared some value culture and even religion until the colonialist announced their arrival. Rwanda has experienced a disturbing and prolonged cycle of violent conflict since 1959. The conflict which has been characteristically political and socio-economic in nature has played out mainly on the basis of ethnicity and regionalism. It was first German and Belgium colonialism that createdRead MoreGenocide in Rwanda Essay1910 Words   |  8 PagesGenocide is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group†. In Rwanda for example, the Hutu-led government embraced a new program that called for the country’s Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approxi mately 800,000 innocent people that even included

The Stranger Main Character Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Stranger: Main Character Analysis Essay In the book The Stranger, the main character, Meursault, is a stranger to himself, and to life. Meursault is a person who is emotionally and physically detached from the world. He seemingly cares only about himself, but at the same time could be concerned little about what happens to him. The title, the Stranger, could indicate Meursaults disconnection and indifference to the world that surrounds him and, therefore, his role as a stranger in the book. The title could also imply that he is simply a stranger to experiencing emotion and expressing feeling: that he is detached from himself and doesnt know what it means to be a human. Meursault show that is far more interested in the physical aspects of the world around him, than the social or emotional aspects of life. Throughout The Stranger, Meursaults attention is centered on his physical relationship with Marie and physical elements of his surroundings. Existentialism is a belief that is centered on mans freedom of choice and his responsibility for the consequences of his actions. It is the view that we create moral and ethical values though the choices that we make, that nothing is right or wrong until we make a choice, and the refusal to choose is a choice. Existentialism holds that there is no intrinsic meaning or purpose: therefore, it is up to each individual person to determine his own meaning and purpose, and to take responsibility for his actions. According to Soren Kierlegaard, a nineteenth century Danish philosopher, an individuals response to a situation must be to live a totally committed life and this commitment can only be understood by the person who has made it. That person must always be able to defy the norms of society for the sake of the higher authority of a valid way of life. In comparison to Existentialism, Meursault, in the Stranger, exhibits these characteristics that are unique to his life experiences. Detachment From Emotions Meursault responds to situations in a way that is not normal in out society. He doesnt distinguish right from wrong. Meursault clearly doesnt judge ones behavior to be good or bad. For instance, if there were a man abusing his dog, one would try and stop the man from abusing the dog. When Meursault encounters a similar situation, he sees this action, not as right or wrong, or good or bad, but as a man abusing a dog. During the funeral procession, the heat of the sun causes Meursault far more pain than the thought of burying his mother. The sun on the beach torments Meursault, and during his trail he identifies his suffering under the sun as the reason he killed the Arab. Meursault is the only one who can understand his response to the situations described about and sees it as valid based on his commitment to live life as he sees it. In The Stranger, as in Existentialism, Meursaults values are created by his own will rather than any innate human transcendental purpose. Existentialism is a belief that is centered on mans freedom of choice and his responsibility for the consequences of his actions. But Meursault is a stranger to himself and his surroundings. He is detached from the world and does not make choices because of his refusal to do so, rather, he is unable to do so because he is detachment from the world. Indifference Meursaults description of other people is entirely subjective. Do I know the Objective He does not attempt to portray them in neutral form or in a manor to understand their thoughts and feelings. Meursault is detached from the world and everything around him. Events that would be very significant for most people, such as a marriage proposal or a parents death, do not matter to Meursault, at least at a sentimental level. He does not care that Marie loves him. He does not car that his mother is deceased, which can be seen from an effort less means of not hiding lack of feeling over her death. .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .postImageUrl , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:hover , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:visited , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:active { border:0!important; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:active , .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557 .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua32cfe308a155dfd710a748517f9b557:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hidden Messages within Titles EssayWithout displaying his indifference of judgment, Meursault constantly challenges society acceptance, which states that one should grieve over ones death. Also, because Meursault does not grieve, society defines him as an outsider, a threat, even as a monster. He simply does not make the distinction between good and bad in his own mind. Its as if youve come to a fork in the road and you cant distinguish the right direction to proceed. Meursault does one thing or another because he has the ability to do so and no reason no to. He testifies for Raymond that his mistress had him cheating on him to justify Raymonds beating her. Meursaults indifference seems to apply solely to his understanding of himself. He also makes few assumptions about to mature of the world around him. Meursaults indifference to the world and the people in it is determined by his own meaning and purpose, based on his experiences. Meursault concludes that the universe is, like him, totally indifferent to human life. He decides that peoples livers have no grand mean or importance, and that their actions virtually have no effect on the world. In The Stranger as in Existentialism, Meursault determines his own meaning and purpose in life. It is he who decides whether his life or the life of others is important. In contrast, Meursault feels that ones actions have virtually no effect on the world, contradicting the belief that one is responsible for his actions. Meursault because any with the priest when the priest ask him why he calls him monsieur and not father. The priest tells him that he is on his side but Meursault has no way of knowing it, because his heart is blind. Something inside Meursault snaps and he grabs the priest by his cassock, I was pouring out on him everything that was in my heart, cries of anger and cries of joy. I had been right, I was still right, I was always right. I had lived my life on way and I could have lived it another. I had done this and hadnt done that. I hadnt dont this thing but I had dont another. And so? It was as if I had waited all this time for this moment and for the first light of this dawn to be vindicated. Nothing, nothing mattered, and I knew why. So did he. Throughout the whole absurd life Id lived, a dark wind had been rising toward me from somewhere deep in my future, across years that were still to come, and as it passed, this wind leveled whatever offered me at the same time, in years no more real than the ones I was living. Pg: 120-121 The Realization in the culmination of all the events of The Stranger. When Meursault accepts the gentle indifference of the world, he finds his peace, his center with himself and within the society around him, his development as a person, not just as a human being, he becomes complete. In The Stranger, as is in Existentialism; Meursault convincingly accepts a responsibility for his act in killing the Arab. He realized that he had freedom of choice that it is up to him to determine the meaning and purpose of his own life. Remember there are 2 ways of Existentialism, there is no mean to Live and There is Meaning there are 2 Existentialists that say that there is no mean to live and the rest DONT I cant remember who pacifically but you can find out my teacher told me this in class. Thank you for reading I hope you in joyed my paper and much as I wrote it.

Must-Have Tips for Writing Effective MBA Application Essays

Think carefully about essay questions.  Make sure you take note of what the question is really asking so that you can answer it carefully and completely. Pinpoint key information that you want to share with the reader. You want the admissions committee to get to know you better and understand why you want an MBA and why a particular program is the best fit for you. Many essay questions are really two or three part questions, so don’t leave out any of the information you are being asked to convey. Start with an outline.  By now, you have thought about key points that address your reasons for applying to business school. Make a list of all of the topics you would like to discuss in your essay. Don’t worry about writing your list in order; it is more important to first get all of your ideas down. Next, look back through your list and consider numbering each item in the order that makes the most logical sense. This will be the outline you will use to build your first draft. Write your draft.  Using your outline as a guide, begin writing your draft. To make your essay more interesting, be sure to vary your sentence length and work on making smart transitions between points and ideas. If you feel like your paragraphs are stale or disjointed, look up transition words that you can incorporate for a better flow. Be sure to pay attention to word limits set by each school and adhere to those guidelines. Read, read, read (and read).  Read your essay to make sure it is flowing smoothly and to ensure that you are addressing each of the items in your outline. If you find that the essay reads better in a different order than your original outline, make use of the cut and paste feature and then continue to fine-tune it. You want your essay to be logical, truthful, thoughtful, and compelling. Ask yourself questions.  Want to make sure you’re on the right track while you write? Ask yourself some questions: Am I answering the question(s) fully? Is my essay coherent and smooth? Is this essay a good representation of me, and would someone who has never met me get a sense of who I am from this essay? Does my essay show that I am driven and focused? Am I being honest and memorable? Edit and polish.  You have already read your essay several times by now, and sometimes that can make it difficult to see mistakes—especially the ones that a spell checker may have missed. This is a good time to ask for a second set of eyes. Ask someone you trust to read your essay without telling that person your essay questions. Asking a third party to try to figure out the essay question based on your answer is a great way to see if you are doing a good job answering the question. Once you have taken into account any feedback from your second set of eyes, conduct a final review (or two) and then you’ll be ready to submit!

Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases Essay Example

Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases Paper Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases Research Report Abstract The values for heat capacity ratio and the molar heat capacity for this experiment at a constant temperature were obtained using the kundt tube. The values for CO2, N2 and AR recorded here display the figures obtained from the lab procedures for expansion method and the speed of sound method. The ratio of heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume for the three gases: Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide and Argon were estimated as 1.41(2), 1.29(2), and 1.673(5) by measurement of the speed of sound through the gas. Although the expected possible error for this experiment was a little higher than expected, the values were not far from the expected values basing the equipartion theorem. The values for C, calculated from y, were consistent with the documented literature for carbon (iv) oxide, nitrogen and argon. We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The aim of the experiment is: To Obtain the heat capacity ratio CP/CV using the Sound Velocity method though the use of a Kundt’s tube for the gases Nitrogen, argon dioxide and Argon. The results in this experiment were interpreted basing on the contribution several s degrees of freedom in the molecule of gases to the heat capacity of the compound. Introduction In this experiment, heat capacity was determined by both expansion method and the speed of sound method. Pressure measurements in the adiabatic expansion method were obtained using the standard butyl manometer. The expansion method uses the clement and desormes method to determine the cp/cv ratio for gases. The reliability of this experiment is good with a confidence level of up to 95%. For an ideal gas, CP = CV +R, whereby the values of CP and CV represent the molar heat capacities at constant pressure and volume. The speed of sound method for determining heat capacity uses the translational and rotational vibrational potential and kinetic energy of the gases on their speed. The effect is measured on a plane longitudinal sound wave that is propagated in a closed cylindrical tube also known as the kundt’s tube. The physical measurements obtained from these energies for particular species of gases are the molar heat capacities measured at constant pressure and volume. The deriv ation of the first formula given in this experiment, as documented in this report can be obtained from the shoemaker garland garland. For an ideal gas t?, = Cp/Cv of a gas can also be given as ?=Mc2/RT (1) and for Van-del-waal gases, ?=c2M/RT(1-2a/PV2+2b/V) (2) thus for or a theoretical value of Cv, ?=1+R/Cv*(1+2ap/(RT)2) (3) therefore using the equipartition theorem, the ratio can be given as: ?=Cp/Cv=1+R/Cv (4) In electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, this expression becomes: ? = c/ using the ideal gas, the heat capacity at constant volume is obtained from formula: CV= (degrees of freedom/2 )*R (6) Experimental The procedures for this experiment, as documented in the lab experiment procedures was followed. The ambient temperature for this experiment was 22.1 C while the ambient pressure was taken to be 752.0mmHg. Since the gas flow rate was low, the pressure of the gas in the tube maybe taken as the same to the ambient pressure. Successive location of the nodes when the screen of the oscilloscope showed a diagonal line was made possible by monitoring the input signal versus the output signal. Reading in the expansion experiment was based on shoemaker and nibler guideline, (p649-652). The values of half wavelength were recorded together with the temperature at the start and end of each series and the respective barometric pressures. A value of 1.004 was used for carbon dioxide and nitrogen while that of 2.004 kHz was used for argon as the frequency of the generated input sound wave. The values for half wavelength were averaged and the obtained mean used to calculate the speed of sound for every gas. The ratio of heat capacities was calculated using the value of speed using the formula given above. / The values of CV were also calculated to verify the document literature values. The periods for the generated sound was measured by the oscilloscope and converted to frequency using the equation=i/p. This conversation was done immediately after data collection. The speed of sound was obtained from the measurement of respective half wavelength using the relationship c=2(half wavelength) x frequency. the heat capacity ration was also defined using the formula, wavelength = cvb/cp. the gases used were simple, pure, monoatomic and diatomic gases, thus their heat capacity can be obtained using the ideal gas equation and treating the gases as van der waal gases ‘due to large errors found in the results in this experiment, a meaningful conclusion needs a critical anal ysis of data. The consistency low values that were obtained in the experiment indicated that there were some systematic errors that occurred in the experiment. A comparison of obtain speeds compared to documented speeds showed some deviation. Error analysis on the results was done and the possible error in the measured wavelength. This was done as outlined in garland et al p 38. Due to the large in the wavelength and effect in propagation through the calculation of speed and heat capacity, the calculated results for heat capacity could not be taken entirely as valid. There would be need to reduce the error in the wavelength by 3 orders of magnitude for the data to be valid. However the results agree with the predicted and documented values. A primary cause of the errors could be the instability in reading the oscilloscope. There were some fluctuations in the amplitude of the signal which made determinations of the amplitude difficult. This cause, however, could not be readily determ ined. The treatment of the gases as van der Waal gases, on the other hand, only led to minor changes in the result. This was expected due to the condition used in the gases. The experiment procedure was not enough to determine whether the gases were linear or nonlinear. The average speed of molecules in gases, are equal to the average velocities of molecules in any direction. This is because speed is simply the measure of magnitude of velocity for each molecules of gas. Velocity of a gas is the speed of gas in a certain direction, thus the average speed in a particular direction. Since sound is transmitted through the motion of molecules, the rate through which sound travels in gases is the same as the speed of molecules of gases since the speed of molecules is not a function of the gases pressure, but the temperature, the speed of sound in gases does not depend on pressure at all. Conclusion As noted earlier there is good agreement of the figures calculated with those of predicted. Though there are some errors in the experiment. Since the error is relatively large, it would not be easy to draw a difference between the linear and nonlinear structures of the polyatomic molecules of gases such as that of carbon dioxide. Also, since the difference in the equipartition, theorem of gases and the effect of wavelengths are in the order of -1, the errors need to be reduced.

Misunderstanding Life essays

Misunderstanding Life essays There were three words that changed my intellectual life and the way I had perceived things. Think about it! Those were the words that were said to me, the phrase think about it didn't have such a powerful meaning until that day. I would have never thought that three words could change a person's life, it changed mines. These words think about it became the most influential words I've ever heard. It was the person who said it and the way he said it that made me take the words in a serious way. My life in elementary was taking a turn for worst I was a bad, carefree, and a want be hard core kid. Even with my mother in the school working as a teacher assistant my behavior was at a low for about eight hours a day at school. My sixth grade teacher on the first day said " I'm not going to have any loud mouth punks in this class. This is my class if you or anyone else don't like what I'm doing in here they will be asked to leave". When he announced that I believe that he was talking about me. What the teacher said to me during that time seemed to me as a bunch of garbage and it didn't effect me, I knew what I was going to do (be a pest) and not do (be a angel). Even though this was the meanest teacher that was in the school and we disagreed on many things, I felt that he sensed that I respected him. In the middle of the school year I was often catching myself doing things that I wasn't supposed to, just to test my boundaries. The process of my intellectual life changing came ab out because of a thing that I did to a girl. One day a girl and I were walking back to class after gym, the gym was in the basement and our class was on the fourth floor. I think just because she was a girl and I had a reputation of being bad, I had to do something to her that would make her laugh or get a reaction out of her. So as we walked up the stairs I turned around and put my hands were they was not supposed to be. I heard her scream and I ran up the stair...

Cirrhosis Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cirrhosis Disease - Essay Example Some of the common causes of cirrhosis are long term consumption of alcohol, disease of fatty liver and infection as the result of hepatitis A and B. According to the National Health Service UK, the excessive consumption of alcohol is considered to be when man consumes about 21 units whereas woman consumes about 14 units of alcohol per week. Alcohol and other toxins break down in the liver and therefore if the consumption of alcohol is very high than the work of the liver increases, which eventually damages the liver cells. Hepatitis C which is considered to be a blood borne infection eventually damages the liver causing cirrhosis. In North American and Western Europe hepatitis is considered to be one of the common causes of Cirrhosis. Hepatitis B and D may also cause Cirrhosis. Sometimes a person’s own immune system attacks the healthy organ of the body like some foreign substances. When the foreign substance attacks the liver, it may cause Cirrhosis (Nordqvist, 2013). Symptoms can be defined as something that a person feels and then reports it to the doctor. On the other hand a sign is something that can be easily detected by the doctor or nurse. For example pain may be categorized as a symptoms whereas rash may be considered as a sign. Usually the symptoms are not quite common during the early stage of Cirrhosis. However when the scar tissues accumulate in the liver they affect its efficiency. The symptoms and signs of Cirrhosis can be itchy skin, loss of appetite, insomnia, fatigue, nausea, visible blood capillaries, loss of weight, blotchy palms and pain in the area. As the disease progresses the other symptoms and signs that appear can include accelerated heartbeat, dizziness, confusion, vomiting blood, bleeding from the nose, short memory, jaundice, hair loss, fever, muscle cramps, panting, change in color of urine and bleeding gums (Cirrhosis - Symptoms, 2013). Cirrhosis can be